15 research outputs found
Design and commissioning of an experiment for sympathetic cooling and coupling of ions in a cryogenic Penning trap
Precise comparisons between the properties of matter and antimatter conjugates
constitute a stringent test of CPT and Lorentz symmetries. The protonâs and
antiprotonâs magnetic moments have recently been measured to high precision in
Penning traps, but further progress is impaired by the need to prepare a particle
with low motional energy. Current preparation schemes require long preparation
times and are limited by high temperatures. Sympathetic laser cooling using an
atomic ion has been proposed for preparation of low-energy protons and antipro-
tons.
This thesis presents the design and commissioning of a cryogenic Penning
trap system for sympathetic laser cooling using beryllium ions. The experiment
aims to demonstrate direct Coulomb coupling between two particles trapped in
nearby, but separate potential wells in a Penning trap stack for the ïŹrst time. This
technique could be used for sympathetic cooling of particles lacking the necessary
substructure to apply laser cooling directly. The application of this method on
protons and antiprotons has the potential to decrease the mean kinetic energies of
the particles and the preparation times required by several orders of magnitude.
Furthermore, the method can be extended to other particles, such as highly charged
ions.
A quantum logic spectroscopy scheme for the measurement of the magnetic
moment of the proton and antiproton has been proposed by Heinzen and Wineland.
Experimental requirements for realisation of this proposal are discussed. The design
of a suitable Penning trap system is described. A cryogenic ultra-high vacuum
system cooled by a closed-cycle cryocooler, equipped with an ultra low vibration
interface, is designed and commissioned. The necessary infrastructure, such as laser
systems and electronics are described.
First signals taken from this newly constructed cryogenic Penning trap are
presented. Laser ablation trap loading, Doppler cooling and the reduction of
the particle number down to a single ion are demonstrated. Prospects of the
experiment and implications for the precision of future measurements of the protonâs
and antiprotonâs magnetic moments augmented by sympathetic laser cooling and
elements of quantum logic are discussed
Elementary laser-less quantum logic operations with (anti-)protons in Penning traps
Static magnetic field gradients superimposed on the electromagnetic trapping
potential of a Penning trap can be used to implement laser-less spin-motion
couplings that allow the realization of elementary quantum logic operations in
the radio-frequency regime. An important scenario of practical interest is the
application to -factor measurements with single (anti-)protons to test the
fundamental charge, parity, time reversal (CPT) invariance as pursued in the
BASE collaboration [Smorra et al., Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 224, 3055-3108
(2015), Smorra et al., Nature 550, 371-374 (2017), Schneider et al., Science
358, 1081-1084 (2017)]. We discuss the classical and quantum behavior of a
charged particle in a Penning trap with a superimposed magnetic field gradient.
Using analytic and numerical calculations, we find that it is possible to carry
out a SWAP gate between the spin and the motional qubit of a single
(anti-)proton with high fidelity, provided the particle has been initialized in
the motional ground state. We discuss the implications of our findings for the
realization of quantum logic spectroscopy in this system.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; published versio
Optical stimulated-Raman sideband spectroscopy of a single 9Be+ ion in a Penning trap
We demonstrate optical sideband spectroscopy of a single 9Be+ ion in a cryogenic 5 tesla Penning trap using two-photon stimulated-Raman transitions between the two Zeeman sublevels of the 1s22s ground state manifold. By applying two complementary coupling schemes, we accurately measure Raman resonances with and without contributions from motional sidebands. From the latter we obtain an axial sideband spectrum with an effective mode temperature of (3.1±0.4) mK. These results are a key step for quantum logic operations in Penning traps, applicable to high-precision matter-antimatter comparison tests in the baryonic sector of the standard model
Resolved-sideband cooling of a single Be ion in a Penning trap
Manipulating individual trapped ions at the single quantum level has become
standard practice in radio-frequency ion traps, enabling applications from
quantum information processing to precision metrology. The key ingredient is
ground-state cooling of the particle's motion through resolved-sideband laser
cooling. Ultra-high-presicion experiments using Penning ion traps will greatly
benefit from the reduction of systematic errors offered by full motional
control, with applications to atomic masses and -factor measurements,
determinations of fundamental constants or related tests of fundamental
physics. In addition, it will allow to implement quantum logic spectroscopy, a
technique that has enabled a new class of precision measurements in
radio-frequency ion traps. Here we demonstrate resolved-sideband laser cooling
of the axial motion of a single Be ion in a cryogenic 5 Tesla Penning
trap system using a two-photon stimulated-Raman process, reaching a mean phonon
number of . This is a fundamental step in the
implementation of quantum logic spectroscopy for matter-antimatter comparison
tests in the baryonic sector of the Standard Model and a key step towards
improved precision experiments in Penning traps operating at the quantum limit.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Quantum logic inspired techniques for spacetime-symmetry tests with (anti-)protons
Cosmological observations as well as theoretical approaches to physics beyond the standard model provide strong motivations for experimental tests of fundamental symmetries, such as CPT invariance. In this context, the availability of cold baryonic antimatter at CERN has opened an avenue for ultrahigh-precision comparisons of protons and antiprotons in Penning traps. This work discusses an experimental method inspired by quantum logic techniques that will improve particle localization and readout speed in such experiments. The method allows for sympathetic cooling of the (anti-)proton to its quantum-mechanical ground state as well as the readout of its spin alignment, replacing the commonly used continuous SternâGerlach effect. Both of these features are achieved through coupling to a laser-cooled 'logic' ion co-trapped in a double-well potential. This technique will boost the measurement sampling rate and will thus provide results with lower statistical uncertainty, contributing to stringent searches for time dependent variations in the data. Such measurements ultimately yield extremely high sensitivities to CPT violating coefficients acting on baryons in the standard-model extension, will allow the exploration of previously unmeasured types of symmetry violations, and will enable antimatter-based axion-like dark matter searches with improved mass resolution